Saturday, August 31, 2013

Doctor Who at 50: The Third Doctor (1970-74)



Jon Pertwee (1919-96) played the Third Doctor in 128 episodes and 24 serials, airing over five seasons. He had three companions but a large number of other recurring characters. His era introduced recurring elements such as multi-Doctor stories, parallel universes and time paradoxes, and enemies including the Master, Autons, Silurians/Sea Devils and Sontarans. He returned to the role once more after he left and also reprised the role on stage and in charity sketches.





The Third Doctor: Jon Pertwee (1970-74)

The Third Doctor's tenure began with a bang. The show was now in full colour and had gained a major star in the form of Jon Pertwee. Whilst Hartnell and Troughton had been recognisable figures from stage and screen, Jon Pertwee was much better-known for his long stint on radio sitcom The Navy Lark. He was cast because the production team wanted his comic timing and sense on the show, but Pertwee instead saw the series as a vehicle to more serious dramatic roles. Pertwee played the Doctor fairly straight (though with a certain dry wit) with a strong dose of morality and a dramatic streak. He was also much more a man of action than his forebears, not above getting into hand-to-hand combat with his enemies, and also had a fascination with gadgets and vehicles. The sonic screwdriver - a minor tool developed during Troughton's final two seasons - became a regular stand-by to get the Doctor out of difficulties. Amusingly - and long before Star Trek made it an issue - the writers decided they couldn't be bothered to come up with technobabble on a weekly basis and simply had the Doctor 'reversing the polarity of the neutron flow' whenever a tech-problem emerged.

The Doctor still had an assistant - initally Caroline John playing scientist Liz Shaw, then Katy Manning as the ditzy Jo Grant and, most iconically, Elisabeth Sladen playing reporter Sarah-Jane Smith - but a lot of action revolved around UNIT and its officers. Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart (Nicholas Courtney) and Sergeant Benton (John Levene) had been inherited from the Troughton era (both appeared in The Web of Fear and The Invasion) but were soon joined by Captain Yates (Richard Franklin) and a large number of disposable soldiers (UNIT's staff turn-over was higher than in the Enterprise's security division). This gave the writers a larger number of characters to work with and saved the production team money by allowing them to re-use sets and regular characters rather than having a large guest cast for each serial.

The Third Doctor's tenure is also notable for introducing the idea of long-form story arcs. Recurring enemies and very loose story arcs had featured before (such as the First Doctor's attempts to get Ian and Barbara home), but this was the first time that continuity was observed more closely. These elements included Jo and Captain Yates's on-off relationship, the Doctor's attempts to repair the TARDIS and, most notably, the introduction of a new, more personal enemy.

The first on-screen incarnation of the Master (although, as later revealed, this was his thirteenth incarnation), played by Roger Delgado between 1971 and 1973.

The production team conceived the idea that the Doctor should have a nemesis, a Moriarty to his Holmes. A previous recurring villain from the Doctor's own race (the Meddling Monk, from The Time Meddler and The Daleks' Master Plan) was considered too bumbling and ineffectual to be a real threat, so a new character was created. The Master, played with villainous relish by the excellent Roger Delgado, was an instant hit and his repeated machinations in the eighth season, culminating in his eventual capture and imprisonment by UNIT, provided the series with a new ongoing storyline. Pertwee and Delgado got on famously, their chemistry inspiring the writers to take their relationship in interesting directions such as having them work together against common enemies and engage in swordfights whilst exchanging jibes.

After several seasons spent creating new threats, the ninth season saw the return of established foes: the Daleks in Day of the Daleks (Nation's attempts to get a spin-off show failing and him agreeing to let the BBC use them again) and the Ice Warriors in The Curse of Peladon. This serial wrong-footed audiences by having the Ice Warriors turn up as allies of the Doctor (to his distrust), the first time the show took a previous hostile alien race and gave them more nuance.

For the tenth anniversary of the series, the producers decided to unite all three incarnations of the Doctor in one story. Hartnell's ill health reduced his appearance to a brief cameo on a video screen, but Troughton and Pertwee squabbled magnificently through a fairly pedestrian story. This story, The Three Doctors, was important in that it established some of the cornerstones of Time Lord mythology (such as the - here unnamed - Eye of Harmony and the role of Omega in creating time travel technology). It also ended the Doctor's exile on Earth and allowed him to travel in the TARDIS once again. Rather than abandon the extremely popular UNIT format altogether, it was decided to mix UNIT-focused storylines with stories on other planets and this became the norm in Pertwee's final two seasons.

Tragedy struck the production when Roger Delgado was killed in a car crash after completing work on his tenth season story Frontier in Space. The news hit the production team hard, but none harder than Pertwee who decided to leave the show at the end of the eleventh season after five years in the role. This final season introduced another set of iconic enemies - the potato-headed Sontarans - and finally named the Doctor's homeworld as Gallifrey. In the final episode of the series Pertwee bowed out, regenerating into the curly-haired form of Tom Baker, who would go on to become the longest-running actor in the role.


Review ratings are only given for complete serials I have seen, which isn't very many. Those looking for an in-depth and unusual review of the entire series are directed to Adventures with the Wife in Space, in which a committed Doctor Who fan exposes his wife to the series and records her reactions. From the start of the Third Doctor's tenure onwards, all Doctor Who serials fully exist in the BBC archives with no further missing episodes.


Season 7: 3/1/70-20/6/70 (25 episodes)
AAA: Spearhead From Space (4 episodes) ****½
BBB: The Silurians (7 episodes)
CCC: The Ambassadors of Death (7 episodes)
DDD: Inferno (7 episodes)

Season 8: 2/7/71-19/6/71 (25 episodes)
EEE: Terror of the Autons (4 episodes) ****
FFF: The Mind of Evil (6 episodes)
GGG: The Claws of Axos (4 episodes)
HHH: Colony in Space (6 episodes)
JJJ: The Dæmons (5 episodes) ****½

Season 9: 1/1/72-24/6/72 (26 episodes)
KKK: Day of the Daleks (4 episodes) *****
MMM: The Curse of Peladon (4 episodes)
LLL: The Sea Devils (6 episodes) ****
NNN: The Mutants (6 episodes)
OOO: The Time Monster (6 episodes)

Season 10: 30/12/72-23/6/73 (26 episodes)
RRR: The Three Doctors (4 episodes) ***½
PPP: Carnival of Monsters (4 episodes)
QQQ: Frontier in Space (6 episodes)
SSS: Planet of the Daleks (6 episodes) ***
TTT: The Green Death (6 episodes)

Season 11: 15/12/73-8/6/74 (26 episodes)
UUU: The Time Warrior (4 episodes) ***½
WWW: Invasion of the Dinosaurs (6 episodes)
XXX: Death to the Daleks (4 episodes) ***
YYY: The Monster of Peladon (6 episodes)
ZZZ: Planet of the Spiders (6 episodes) ***½

The Third Doctor regenerates at the end of the final episode of Planet of the Spiders, having been poisoned by radiation on the planet Metebelis III.

The Third Doctor's Companions and Reccuring Allies
Liz Shaw (Caroline John): Season 7 (AAA-DDD)
Jo Grant (Katy Manning): Seasons 8-10 (EEE-TTT)
Sarah-Jane Smith (Elisabeth Sladen): Season 11-  (UUU-  )
Brigadier Alastair Lethbridge-Stewart (Nicholas Courtney): Seasons 7-11 (AAA-KKK, OOO-RRR, TTT, UUU-WWW, ZZZ)
Sergeant Benton (John Levene): Seasons 7-11 (CCC-GGG, JJJ-KKK, OOO-RRR, TTT, WWW, ZZZ)
Captain Mike Yates (Richard Franklin): Seasons 8-11 (EEE-GGG, JJJ-KKK, OOO, TTT, WWW, ZZZ)

Friday, August 30, 2013

Peter F. Hamilton charity auction



SF author Peter F. Hamilton is auctioning off a copy of his next book, The Queen of Dreams, for charity. This will be a proof signed by Hamilton and also by the four children who inspired the main characters in the book. The cause is Hamilton's friend Kate Cadman, who is raising money to enter the London Marathon and run in the name of the National Deaf Children's Society. The auction will run for ten days from 1 September.

More information on Peter's site, the Unisphere and Kate Cadman's JustGiving page.

Doctor Who at 50: The Missing Episodes



Evil of the Daleks, which marked the final appearance of the Daleks in the black-and-white era and their last appearance for five years, is arguably the incomplete serial fans most want to see restored.


The Missing Episodes


As a Doctor Who fan, one of the most frustrating things is the inability to watch a complete run of the series. 106 episodes of the series - one-in-eight of the total number - are missing from the BBC archives.

How this came about is fairly straightforward. Back in the 1960s it was standard practice for the BBC to destroy their old film stock once they had no use for it, or to recycle it to record new programmes. There was no video market and repeats were very rare, due to the high cost of repeat rights. Programmes were meant to be watched once and then discarded. The idea of holding onto the complete run of a TV series for archiving or heritage reasons would be baffling to TV executives of the day. There was almost no dedicated storage space for the videotapes or film cans either, so their destruction was necessary once the existing storage space had been exhausted.

Between 1967 and 1978 the BBC carried out a purge of their archives, destroying hundreds of episodes of classic TV series. As well as Doctor Who, episodes from series such as Z-Cars, Dad's Army and Steptoe and Son were wiped. The practice was halted in 1978 by Doctor Who's own nascent organised fandom. Fan Ian Levine (who later served as a fan consultant on the programme) led the effort to stop the junking of the old material, apparently personally preventing the very first Dalek story from being destroyed. In response to both the fan outcry and also the infant technology of home video-playing, which offered a lucrative way of exploiting old material, the BBC halted its policy of destroying old material. Indeed, they almost immediately began attempting to recover those episodes that had been destroyed for commercial exploitation.

Fortunately, Doctor Who's popularity in the 1960s and 1970s - though a far cry from its global reach today - extended to many overseas territories. Copies of episodes had been sent to the United States, Canada, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Australia, Cyprus and numerous African countries, amongst others. By mounting a determined effort, both the BBC and individual fans (including Levine) managed to recover copies of many of the missing or destroyed episodes from overseas. Since 1978 an impressive 41 episodes believed lost forever have been recovered and returned to the archives.

However, that still leaves 106 episodes and 10 serials completely missing from the archives and a further 17 left partially incomplete. The missing episodes are completely restricted to the first six seasons (i.e. the run of William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton episodes), with the third through fifth seasons particularly badly afflicted. The full list of missing episodes is as follows:

Season 1
Marco Polo - all 7 episodes
The Reign of Terror - episodes 4 and 5

Season 2
The Crusade -  episodes 2 and 4

Season 3
Galaxy Four - episodes 1,2 and 4
Mission to the Unknown - 1 episode (the entire serial)
The Myth Makers - all 4 episodes
The Daleks' Master Plan - episodes 1, 3-4, 6-9, 11-12
The Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Eve - all 4 episodes
The Celestial Toymaker - episodes 1, 2 and 3
The Savages - all 4 episodes

Season 4
The Smugglers - all 4 episodes
The Tenth Planet - episode 4
The Power of the Daleks - all 6 episodes
The Highlanders - all 4 episodes
The Underwater Menace - episodes 1 and 4
The Moonbase - episodes 1 and 3
The Macra Terror - all 4 episodes
The Faceless Ones - episodes 2, 4-6
The Evil of the Daleks - episodes 1, 3-7

Season 5
The Abominable Snowmen - episodes 1, 3-6
The Ice Warriors - episodes 2 and 3
The Enemy of the World - episodes 1-2, 4-6
The Web of Fear - episodes 2-6
Fury from the Deep - all 6 episodes
The Wheel in Space - episodes 1-2, 4-5

Season 6
The Invasion - episodes 1 and 4
The Space Pirates - episodes 1, 3-6


Restoring Incomplete Serials

The first episode of The Invasion, restored through animation.

Due to the popularity of Doctor Who on DVD, the BBC has carried out restoration work to bridge the gap on serials where there is only an episode or two missing. The Reign of Terror, The Tenth Planet, The Moonbase, The Ice Warriors and The Invasion have had their missing episodes filled in with animations to replace the missing live-action material. However, DVD sales only make this practical for serials where they are only two missing episodes, meaning only a few more serials can be restored this way. This restoration work is only possible because Doctor Who fans, lacking VHS recorders in the 1960s, used home tape recorders to record the soundtrack of every episode. Copies of these soundtracks have been given to the BBC, meaning that every episode of the series does still exist on audio.



Future Prospects?


Rumours abound, of course, of the return of some of the missing episodes, bolstered by past events. In late 2011 it was confirmed that one episode apiece from Galaxy Four and The Underwater Menace had been recovered. In 1992 many Doctor Who fans were stunned when all four episodes of Tomb of the Cybermen (at that stage, the most critically-well-regarded missing story) were returned from Hong Kong and rush-released on VHS (at which point the critical assessment became more mixed). In the late 2000s paperwork confirmed that up to 20 missing episodes had been residing in a TV studio in Sierra Leone before it had been levelled in that nation's lengthy civil war. This information suggests that it is more than possible that copies of missing episodes may remain in existence in far-flung corners of the globe.

Work by fans and investigators have confirmed that many of the missing episodes had multiple copies made and sent around the world, making their survival and eventual return possible. However, the twelve-part mega-epic, The Daleks' Master Plan, was not widely sold abroad, presumably due to its extreme length. Three episodes from the epic have been recovered over the years and it is marginally possible that some of the 'viewing copies' sent to the broadcast companies for assessment may have survived, but otherwise it seems unlikely that many more episodes from this serial exist. That said, only Episode 7, 'The Feast of Steven' (the only Christmas-themed Doctor Who episode of the original series) was never sold or sent abroad at all, and thus is the only episode of Doctor Who that has been deemed lost forever and beyond recovery.

Last year rumours began circulating that a motherlode of missing episodes had been found. The Bleeding Cool website reported that sources within the BBC itself were claiming as many as ninety of the missing episodes had been located in the hands of a private collector. Investigations by Bleeding Cool, other websites and fan Ian Levine eventually led to the BBC and some of the personnel reportedly involved in the restoration work refuting that any new material had been found at all. However, rumours continue to circulate on the basis that the last two episodes to be found were kept under wraps for some time before being announced. This particular rumour falls into the 'too good to be true' category, but the hope remains that additional missing episodes of Doctor Who will be recovered in the future.

Thursday, August 29, 2013

The New and Improved SFF All-Time Sales List


In 2008 I published a list of the all-time, biggest-selling genre works, attracting comments from luminaries such as Neil Gaiman and John Ringo. In the years since, I have received frequent requests for an update to the list. This has proven difficult as publishers seem reluctant to give out figures for all but the very biggest-selling authors. Nevertheless, I have now attempted an update.

As before, this list is based on information from Wikipedia, authors' own websites and publisher PR details. In many cases I was not able to find updated figures since 2008, and those figures stand unadjusted (noted where so). In some cases, some speculation was required and this is also noted. This list is by no means exhaustive and likely only accurate in the broadest strokes (though in almost all cases, I have gone with the more conservative figures).

J.K. Rowling: one of the few fantasy authors who could afford her very own fighter aircraft squadron. Not that she has one. As far as we know.

1) J.K Rowling (c. 450 million)
J.K. Rowling may have completed Harry Potter, but the series is still selling phenomenally well. Coupled with the success of her two adult novels (The Casual Vacancy and The Cuckoo's Calling), her position at the top of the table is maintained and her lead increased.

2) Stephen King (c. 350 million)
As said in The Encyclopedia of Fantasy (1996), King's worldwide sales are totally incalculable and the above figure remains fairly conservative. King has published a string of popular novels since 2008, so his sales are likely up, but by how much is anyone's guess. A new piece of information to emerge since 2008 is that King's Dark Tower series has sold more than 30 million copies by itself, which would be enough to get into the Top Twenty comfortably even without his many other books.

3) JRR Tolkien (c. 300 million)
Tolkien's sales are likewise incalculable: 100,000 copies of a pirated version of The Lord of the Rings were sold in the United States alone in under a year, so the figures for unauthorised versions of the book in other countries are completely unguessable. What remains certain is that The Lord of the Rings is the biggest-selling single genre novel of all time, and possibly the best-selling single novel of all time. More than 50 million copies of the book have been sold since 2001 alone. The 100+ million sales of The Hobbit alone have also been bolstered significantly by the new Peter Jackson movies. If anything, the above figure may well be the most conservative on the list and Tolkien's sales may be vastly more (and possibly more than King's).

[Dean Koontz (c. 200 million)]
Dean Koontz's official website claims sales of 450 million, which seem hard to credit for an author with a big profile, but nowhere near that of King or Rowling. Other figures suggest 200 million, which seems much more credible. However, Koontz's eligibility for the list is questionable given that he has written numerous non-SFF novels (though many of them still within the horror or suspense thriller genres). Thus his placement on the list is for those who consider him to be a genre author.


[Michael Crichton (c. 200 million)]
Michael Crichton published 27 novels during his lifetime, selling more than 200 million copies. Only eight of those novels are SF, but these include most of his best-known novels (including Jurassic Park, The Lost World, Sphere, Congo and The Andromeda Strain). His placement here is for comparative purposes and for those who consider him to be a genre author.

4) Anne Rice (136 million)
Anne Rice's vampire books were a huge phenomenon through the 1980s and 1990s, bolstered by the Tom Cruise/Brad Pitt movie.

5) CS Lewis (120 million+)
No change here, though Lewis's sales have likely increased somewhat due to the movies based on his books.

6) Stephanie Meyer (116 million)
The Twilight series has sold an enormous amount of copies in just eight years on sale. An impressive achievement.

7) Sir Arthur C. Clarke (100 million+)
Sir Arthur C. Clarke gains the distinction of being the only author on the list to be nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize and have an orbit named after him. Clarke was already a well-known, big-selling SF author when the film 2001: A Space Odyssey and his television coverage of the first moon landing catapaulted him into becoming a household name. A steady stream of best-selling, high-profile and critically-acclaimed SF novels continued into the 1980s, when his profile was again boosted by his TV series, Arthur C. Clarke's Mysterious World. As well as his SF novels he also published a large number of non-fiction books and volumes of criticism on matters of science.


8) Andre Norton (90 million+)
Andre Norton was one of science fiction and fantasy's most prolific authors, penning around 300 books (either novels or story collections) in a career stretching over decades.

9) Sir Terry Pratchett (85 million+)
Pratchett remains one of the biggest-selling SFF novelists in the world and, because his Discworldbooks are mostly stand-alone novels, he may actually have a lot more readers than several of the above.

10) Robert Jordan (80 million+)
On the previous list, Jordan had a lower position based on the frequently-given figure of 44 million. However, since then it has been revealed that the 44 million figure is for the United States and Canada alone. When a series has been sold in more than 20 languages (as this has), the rule of thumb is that half of the total sales figures come from outside the USA. The UK alone has added sales of 5 million to the figure. As a result, worldwide sales of at least 80 million for Wheel of Time are credible, and significantly more than that is possible.

11) James Herbert (54 million+)
The recently-deceased James Herbert has sold more than 54 million copies of his horror novels, most of which had an SF or supernatural twist. 

12) Richard Adams (50 million+)
Watership Down has sold more than 50 million copies by itself, though its fantasy status is debatable (you can argue about this in the comments!). I tend to count it as such, since aside from the talking rabbits there's also the fact that ghosts and spirit guides play a role. Adams has also sold not-inconsiderable numbers of his fantasy novels set in the Beklan Empire, Shardik and Maia, not to mention further works related to Watership Down.

13) Suzanne Collins (50 million+)
Suzanne Collins's The Hunger Games hadn't even been published when I created the last list. The trilogy has been published in full, sold over 50 million copies and generated one hit movie since then (with a second out later this year). Very impressive.

[Dennis Wheatley (50 million)]
Dennis Wheatley was the biggest-selling British author of the 1960s and 1970s, routinely selling more than a million copies a year for over a decade. The majority of his books were crime, political or spy thrillers. However, he also published novels featuring supernatural elements, resulting from his own fascination with the occult. As a result, a small number of his books may be of genre interest.

[Jean M. Auel (45 million+)]
Jean M. Auel has sold over 45 million copies of her Earth's Children sequence. Though written as speculative history, some have categorised the books as alternate history and thus borderline SF.

[Morgan Llywelyn (40 million)]
Morgan Llywelyn is a best-selling Irish author whose work consists mostly of historical novels. However, some of them have a supernatural or occult twist, sometimes fairly minor and occasionally more notable.

14) Christopher Paolini (39 million)
Christopher Paolini's four-volume Inheritance Cycle has proven very popular, despite the relative failure of the Eragon movie.

15) Michael Ende (35 million)
Michael Ende has sold more than 16 million copies of his novel, The Neverending Story, by itself and almost 20 million copies of his various other books. The success of the series as bolstered by several films based on his books.

16) Charlaine Harris (32.5 million)
Charlaine Harris has sold more than 30 million copies of her Southern Vampire Mysteries series, driven by the success of its TV adaptation, True Blood.

17) Stanislaw Lem (30 million+)
The Polish author of Solaris and numerous other SFF novels has sold more than 30 million copies of his work worldwide.

18) R.A. Salvatore (30 million+)
Similarly to the Jordan situation, Salvatore's previously-reported sales figure of between 15 and 20 million was for the United States alone. Given his widespread global fame, a total worldwide figure of at least 30 million seems credible.


19) Sherrilyn Kenyon (30 million+)
Sherrilyn Kenyon is a prolific urban fantasy author who also publishers supernatural-tinged historical fantasy under the pen name Kinley MacGregor. She has over 30 million books in print in over 100 countries.

20) Robert Heinlein (30 million)
One of the grand masters of old-school SF, Heinlein had sold 11.5 million books by the early 1980s and about 30 million in total to date. Some sources suggest he may have sold considerably more worldwide.

21) George R.R. Martin (28 million+)
Winning the prize for 'most improved sales', the sales of A Song of Ice and Fire have gone through the roof since the previous list. The books sold more than 9 million copies in 2011 alone. Though Martin's sales were starting to noticeably take off anyway in the mid-2000s, the main reason for the boost has been the remarkable success of the Game of Thrones TV series on HBO. Martin has now sold 22 million copies of the series as physial books and 6 million as ebooks.

22) Kaoru Kurimoto (28 million)
Japanese author Kaoru Kurimoto published a startling 130 volumes of her Guin Saga series of fantasy adventure novels prior to her premature death in 2009.

23) Terry Brooks (26.5 million+)
Terry Brooks's sales have increased by 5 million since the previous list. Brooks has sold 26 million paper books and 500,000 ebooks.

24) George Orwell (25 million+)
Orwell's prophetic SF allegory Nineteen Eighty-Four has sold more than 25 million copies by itself, with an unknown (but likely massive) number of copies of his allegorical animal work Animal Farm have also been shifted over the years.

25) Marion Zimmer Bradley (25 million+)
Marion Zimmber Bradley sold more than 20 million copies of her feminist take on the Arthurian legend, The Mists of Avalon, by itself. Her Darkover series has sold an additional 5 million copies. Her many other books may take this total figure rather higher. 

26) Darren Shan (25 million+)
Irish author Darren Shan has sold more than 25 million copies of his numerous YA and adult fantasy and horror novels.  

27) Terry Goodkind (25 million)
This is an old figure, dating back to 2008. No more recent figures have been given, though the publication of several additional novels makes it likely this figure will be somewhat higher.

28) Diana Gabaldon (25 million)
The author of the Outlander series, in which a 20th Century nurse time-travels back to Jacobite times and falls in love with a Highlander. This is now being made into a Starz TV series, which I expect will drive additional sales of the series.

29) Cassandra Clare (24 million)
Cassandra Clare is the author of The Shadowhunter Chronicles, made up of the Mortal Instruments, Infernal Devices and the forthcoming Dark Artifices sub-series.

30) Kevin J. Anderson (23 million)
Anderson has sold 20 million copies of his franchise tie-ins in the Dune, Star Wars, StarCraft and X-Files worlds. However, he has also sold a reasonable amount of his original series as well.

31) Eoin Colfer (21 million)
The Artemis Fowl series has sold an additional 3 million copies since the first list was assembled.

32) Isaac Asimov (20 million+)
The seven volumes of the Foundation series alone have sold more than 20 million copies. When coupled with Asimov's other numerous books (he published more than 400 books in his lifetime), his total sales are likely a lot higher than this.

33) Margaret Weis (c. 20 million)
Margaret Weis is best-known for her many collaborations with Tracy Hickman, most notably in the the Dragonlance fantasy world. She has also written several solo novels and in collaboration with other writers, and for many years ran her own RPG company.

34) Tracy Hickman (c. 20 million)
Tracy Hickman is best-known for his work on the Dragonlance series with Margaret Weis. He has also written solo novels and in collaboration with others, not to mention working on gaming materials.

35) Brian Jacques (c. 20 million)
The late Brian Jacques has sold over 20 million copies of his Redwall series of animal-based epic fantasies.

36) Kazumasa Hirai (c. 20 million)
Kazumasa Hirai is the author of the Genma Taisen series of post-apocalyptic novels and graphic novels.

37) Raymond E. Feist (20 million)
Feist has sold more than 20 million copies of his Riftwar Cycle, which he recently concluded after thirty volumes. Some reports suggest that Magician by itself (in both its one-volume and American two-volume formats) accounts for almost half those sales.

38) Michael Moorcock (20 million)
Moorcock has sold an impressive 20 million copies of his numerous books over the course of his lengthy career.

39) Mercedes Lackey (20 million)
The prolific Mercedes Lackey has sold more than 20 million copies of her fantasy novels, the best-known of which form the Valdemar series. 

40) Frank Herbert (18 million)
Frank Herbert's Dune is the biggest-selling SF novel of all time, shifting 12 million copies by itself. I would hazard that most of the remaining 6 million copies are of the five other Dune novels as well.

41) Hideyuki Kikuchi (18 million)
Hideyuki Kikuchi has sold some 18 million copies of his Vampire Hunter D series, not including its manga spin-offs.

42) Anne McCaffrey (18 million+)
Anne McCaffrey has sold 18 million copies of her Dragonriders of Pern series, with more than half a million copies sold of her collaborations with her son Todd alone.

43) Tad Williams (17 million)
Tad Williams had sold 17 million copies of his books, including the Memory, Sorrow and Thorn trilogy, the Otherland quartet, the Shadowmarch series and several stand-alones, by 2011. 

44) Larry Niven (17 million+)
Larry Niven has sold 10 million copies of his collaborations with Jerry Pournelle alone. His Ringworld books add a further 7 million sales on top of that.

45) Douglas Adams (16 million)
He may have published only a small number of novels (including the Hitch-Hiker's Guide to the Galaxyseries) and suffered tremendously from writer's block, but Douglas Adams' sales remain impressive.

46) Brandon Sanderson (15 million)
Brandon Sanderson only published his first novel in 2005, so to achieve 15 million sales in just eight years is extraordinarily impressive, with 12.5 million sales from his three Wheel of Time novels and over 2.5 million of his solo books. More than 1.5 million copies of the Mistborn trilogy by itself have been shifted.

47) Rick Riordan (15 million)
Rick Riordan is the author of the Percy Jackson series, which has so far spawned two successful movie adaptation and driven renewed sales of the books.

48) Philip Pullman (15 million)
The lukewarm reception to The Golden Compass movie hasn't dented Pullman's book-selling power, with the His Dark Materials trilogy shifting 15 million copies worldwide.

49) Yoshiki Tanaka (15 million)
Yoshiki Tanaka is the author of the ten-volume Legend of the Galactic Heroes SF novel series, which is hugely popular in Japan. It has spawned numerous adaptations and spin-offs in other media.

50) Timothy Zahn (15 million)
Timothy Zahn is the biggest-selling author of Star Wars novels, with the 15 million figure coming from his work in that setting alone. You can add hundreds of thousands more sales from his own novels on top of that.

51) Diana Wynne Jones (10 million+)
The late Diana Wynne Jones sold more than 10 million copies of her books worldwide, a million of them in the UK alone.

52) Robert E. Howard (10 million+)
Robert E. Howard's hugely influential short stories, including the Conan the Barbarian and Kull the Conqueror series, have sold more than 10 million copies in book form alone. His total sales, including magazine sales driven by his stories, are likely incalculable.

53) Stephen Donaldson (10 million)
Stephen Donaldson's Lord Foul's Bane, published in 1977, kick-started the modern epic fantasy explosion alongside Brooks' Sword of Shannara. However, unlike Brooks who has continued to work in the Shannara universe ever since, Donaldson spent a whole two decades trying to stay away from his signature character with works such as Mordant's Need and the superlative Gap series before recently returning to the series, and the bestseller lists, with The Last Chronicles of Thomas Covenant. Note that Lord Foul's Bane had sold 10 million copies by itself by 2004, so this figure will be considerably higher.

54) Neil Gaiman (10 million + )
Neil Gaiman has sold 7 million copies of the Sandman series of graphic novels alone, and Coraline (arguably Gaiman's least-well-known novel) has sold 1 million copies by itself. On that basis this figure - unchanged from 2008 - is likely highly conservative.

55) Alice Sebold (10 million+)
Alice Sebold's afterlife fantasy The Lovely Bones has sold 10 million copies since its publication in 2002, possibly helped by the Peter Jackson movie adaptation.

56) Madeline L'Engle (10 million+)
Madeline L'Engle's Time Quartet and its related spin-off books have been hugely successful, with the first novel in the series, A Wrinkle in Time, selling 10 million copies by itself. The sales of the rest of the series are unknown, so the total may be noticeably higher.

57) Jerry Pournelle (10 million+) 
Jerry Pournelle has sold 10 million copies of his collaborations with Larry Niven.

58) Chris Bunch (10 million+)
Chris Bunch is the co-author (with Allan Cole)  of the Sten SF series, as well as numerous solo works. He sold more than 10 million copies of the Sten series alone, driven the enormous popularity of the series in Russia, of all places. Sales of his solo work, such as the Seer King Trilogy (a fantasy take on the Napoleonic Wars), would likely push this figure higher.

59) Allan Cole (10 million+)
Chris Bunch's collaborator on the Sten series. Unlike Bunch, Cole has written only a few non-Sten books, so his total sales figures are likely closer to the 10 million figure.

60) Peter Straub (10 million+)
Peter Straub is a bestselling horror novelist, arguably best known for his novel Ghost Story and his collaboration with Stephen King, The Talisman. 

61) Frederik Pohl (10 million+)
The late Frederik Pohl's total sales are almost certainly a lot higher, as he sold more than 10 million copies of The Space Merchants by itself.


62) Cyril M. Kornbluth (10 million+)
Cyril Kornbluth has sold more than 10 million copies of his novel The Space Merchants, written in collaboration with Frederik Pohl.

63) David Eddings (8.5 million+)
Eddings had sold more than 7 million copies of the Belgariad and Malloreon series alone by 1995, with another 1.5 million copies sold of the combined Elenium and Tamuli trilogies. The real total figure (incoporating almost twenty years of additional sales and his later Belgariad prequels and other books) is likely considerably higher.

64) Ray Bradbury (8 million+)
Ray Bradbury has sold over 8 million copies of his books in 36 languages.

65) Christopher Golden (8 million+)
Christopher Golden is a highly prolific writer, penning dozens of novels and comic books, both with original material and media tie-ins for properties such as Buffy the Vampire Slayer.

[Bernard Cornwell (7 million+)]
The overwhelming majority of Cornwell's books are historical adventure novels. However, some claim that his novels are alternate history and his Warlord Chronicles series is both highly speculative and features intimations of magic (through visions and prophecies), so he is included for comparative purposes. These are Cornwell's UK only sales from 2000-09, so his total sales will be notably higher.

66) David Weber (7 million)
The author of the Honor Harington space opera series and the Safehold series, amongst many other works, has become one of the dominant authors of military SF.

67) Orson Scott Card (7 million+)
This is likely a fair bit higher, as Ender's Game by itself has sold seven million copies. Card's other books, including the highly successful sequels and 'interquels' to Ender's Game have also sold extremely well.

68) William Gibson (6.5 million+)
Cyberpunk pioneer William Gibson has sold more than 6.5 million copies of Neuromancer by itself. His total sales will be a lot more.

69) Peter S. Beagle (6 million+)
Peter S. Beagle has sold more than 6 million copies of The Last Unicorn by itself.

70) Laurell K. Hamilton (6 million+)
This figure is from 2008, and may be a lot higher now.

71) Jim Butcher (6 million+)
Jim Butcher has sold more than 4.5 million books according to Nielsen Bookscan and some publicity materials from a few years back suggest 6 million. The true figure could be significantly higher than this. 

72) L. Frank Baum (5 million+)
This figure is very inaccurate; the Oz books by themselves had sold 5 million copies by 1956. In the fifty-seven years since, the series has likely multiplied that several times. However, the early books in the series are now out of copyright, which makes tracking sales figures almost impossible.

73) Daniel Keyes (5 million+)
Daniel Keyes had sold over 5 million copes of Flowers for Algernon by 2004.

74) Garth Nix (5 million)
Garth Nix has sold more than 5 million copies of his SF and fantasy works. 

75) Robert R. McCammon (5 million)
A veteran of the early 1980s horror boom, Robert McCammon has sold 5 million copies of his horror and fantasy novels. 

76) Frank Schätzing (4.2 million+)
Frank Schätzing has sold 3.8 million copies of his 2004 SF novel The Swarm. A later SF novel, Limit, has sold almost half a million copies.

77) Fritz Leiber (4 million+)
Fritz Leiber had sold almost 4 million copies of his Fafhrd and Gray Mouser novels and short stories by 1988 alone, and likely more since then.

78) Vonda N. McIntyre (4 million)
Vonda McIntyre has sold more than 4 million copies of her novels, which consist of both original work and a number of Star Trek novels. In Star Trek circles she is famous for creating Mr. Sulu's first name for her books, which was later adopted by the films.

79) Lian Hearn (4 million)
Lian Hearn has sold more than 4 million copies of her Tales of the Otori sequence 

80) David Drake (4 million)
David Drake has sold more than 4 million copies of his various SF and fantasy series.

81) Veronica Roth (4 million)
Veronic Roth has sold 4 million copies of the first two volumes of her Divergent series.

82) Roger Zelazny (3.5 million+)
Roger Zelazny has sold more than 3.5 million copies of the Chronicles of Amber series alone.

83) Aaron Allston (3.3 million+)
Aaron Allston has sold more than 3.3 million copies of his Star Wars novels (including the popular X-Wing series).

84) Robert Harris (3 million+) (SF only)
Robert Harris has sold more than 3 million copies of his classic post-WWII alternate-history novel Fatherland.

85) Alan Dean Foster (3 million+)
Alan Dean Foster is both a prolific solo novelist (such as with the Spellsinger and Commonwealth series) and a writer of movie tie-ins (including the Star Wars and Aliens franchises). This 3 million figure is likely highly conservative, given his novelisation of the first Star Wars movie sold hundreds of thousands of copies even before the film even came out in 1977.

86) Ursula K. Le Guin (3 million+ )
More than three million copies alone of the Earthsea series have been sold, with Le Guin's many other works likely adding a lot to that. 

87) Guy Gavriel Kay (3 million)
Kay has sold more than 3 million copies of his dozen novels. Recent sales seem to be up, presumably driven by the popular success of Under Heaven.

88) Lloyd Alexander (3 million)
Alexander has sold more than 3 million copies of The Chronicles of Prydain by itself.  

89) Dan Abnett (3 million+)
Dan Abnett is one of the most prolific and popular authors in the Warhammer 40,000 science fantasy universe, selling a million copies in that setting by himself as of a few years ago. Strong sales since then, particularly the rising popularity of the setting in the United States, has tripled that amount. He has also worked extensively in comics and recently published his first two original-setting novels.

90) John Ringo (3 million)
Another author I could not find updated figures for since 2008.

91) Joe Abercrombie (3 million)
A new entry on the list, Joe Abercrombie was still an up-and-coming whippersnapper when the previous list was published. His sales are impressive, hitting 3 million of just six books in seven years, which is very steady progress.

92) Margaret Atwood (3 million+)
The Handmaid's Tale has sold 2 million copies and Oryx and Crake and Year of the Flood combined another 1 million, putting Atwood's SF work at 3 million sales. Her total sales, including her non-SF, are likely considerably higher.

93) Robert Silverberg (3 million+)
Robert Silververg is one of the grand masters of SF, with dozens of novels and collections published over a very lengthy career. Reported figures of 3 million seem rather low for an author of his popularity and longevity, and may be conservative.

94) Eric Flint (3 million)
Eric Flint is a writer and editor for Baen Books and is best-known for his 1632 series of alternate history novels.

95) Scott Westerfield (3 million+)
Scott Westerfield has sold more than 3 million copies of his Uglies series alone.

96) Robert Asprin (3 million)
Robert Asprin has sold 3 million copies of his Myth series.

97) Rick Hautala (3 million)
The late Rick Hautala was a veteran of the early 1980s horror boom, selling more than a million copies of his third novel, Night Stone, by itself.

98) Brian Lumley (3 million+)
Brian Lumley's Necroscope has sold over 3 million copies by itself. 

99) Simon R. Green (2.7 million)
Simon R. Green has sold over 2.7 million copies of his Nightside and Deathstalker series, amongst other works. 

100) Harry Turtledove (2.5 million)
The prolific alternate-history author has written dozens of novels and sold more than 2.5 million copies. I have also not been able to find updated figures since 2008, so he's likely sold more than this by now.

101) S.M. Stirling (2.5 million)
S.M. Stirling has sold more than a two and a half million copies of his Emberverse novels, of which the most famous is Dies the Fire.

102) Audrey Niffenegger (2.5 million+)
More than 2.5 million copies of The Time Traveller's Wife have been sold in the USA and UK alone. 

103) Michelle Paver (2.5 million+) 
Michelle Paver has sold more than two and a half million copies of her Chronicles of Ancient Darkness series, which began with Wolf Brother. 

104) Max Brooks (2.4 million+)
By 2011, the last year when figures were available, Max Brooks had sold 1 million copies of World War Z and 1.4 million of The Zombie Survival Guide. With the popular movie adaptation (even if it didn't have much in common with the book), these figures are now likely much higher.

105) James Dashner (2.3 million+)
More than 2.3 million copies of the Maze Runner series have been sold. 

106) Susan Cooper (2 million+)
Susan Cooper has sold more than 2 million copies of her The Dark is Rising sequence.

107) Sergei Lukyanenko (2 million+)
Sergei Lukyanenko has sold well over 2 million copies of his Night Watch books in Russia alone. His sales outside that territory, also buoyed up by two movie adaptations of his work, have likely increased that considerably.

108) Hans Domink (2 million+)
German SF pioneer Hans Dominik had more than 2 million books in print by 1944 alone, so again the true figure is likely higher.

109) Peter F. Hamilton (2 million+)
The above figure is from 2004, so it's likely to be extremely inaccurate. Hamilton may have well sold twice or more this amount. Hamilton remains the UK's biggest-selling SF author, and his US profile has grown significantly in the last decade as well.

110) Brent Weeks (2 million)
Relative newcomer Brent Weeks has sold more than 2 million copies of his debut Night Angel Trilogy. 

111) Andrzej Sapkowski (2 million+)
Andrzej Sapkowski has sold more than two million copies of his books, dominated by sales of the fantasy Witcher series, in Poland alone. His worldwide sales are likely significantly higher.

112) Lois McMaster Bujold (2 million)
Lois McMaster Bujold has sold more than 2 million copies of her SF and fantasy novels, most notably the popular Vorkosigan Saga. 

113) Katherine Kurtz (2 million)
Katherine Kurtz has sold more than 2 million copies of her Deryni saga. 

114) Trudi Canavan (2 million+)
Trudi Canavan sold her one millionth book for Orbit in 2011 and has doubled those sales since then.

115) Stephen Lawhead (2 million+)
Stephen Lawheard is the author of both outright fantasy novels and Guy Gavriel Kay-style alternate/fantastical histories. 

116) Robert Rankin (2 million+)
Robert Rankin has sold 'millions' of copies of his comic fantasy and SF novels.

117) Maggie Stiefvater (2 million+)
Maggie Stiefvater has sold more than 2 million copies of her urban fantasy novels, including the Books of Faerie and Shiver series.

118) Gregory Benford (2 million+)
Gegory Benford has sold 'millions' of copies of Timescape by itself. The rest of his work would extend this total considerably.

119) Greg Bear (2 million+)
Greg Bear has sold 'millions' of his novels, having both high-selling original SF work (such as the Thistledown or Eon trilogy, Blood Music and Moving Mars) and also writing Star Wars and Halo tie-in novels.


120) Gordon R. Dickson (2 million+)
Gordon R. Dickson has sold 2 million copies of his books, of which the best-known are the Childe Cycle (aka the Dorsai series).

121) Jacqueline Carey (2 million+)
Jacequeline Carey has sold 'millions' of copies of her books, including the Kushiel series and the Sundering duology.

122) Piers Anthony (2 million+)
Piers Anthony has sold a million copies of the first Xanth novel by itself, so this total figure maybe a little low. However, 2009 PR info for the series did say it has sold just over 2 million copies by itself. Anthony has also written numerous other books and series, so his true sales are likely higher than this.

123) Melanie Rawn (1.8 million+)
Melanie Rawn had sold 1.8 million books by 1998 alone. Her later sales may be considerably higher, although her popularity and profile seem to have dimmed in recent years (her Spellbinder series was recently abandoned due to poor sales).

124) Jennifer Roberson (1.7 million)
Jennifer Roberson has sold 1.7 million copies of her books published by DAW.

125) Elizabeth Moon (1.5 million+)
Elizabeth Moon has sold 100,000 copies in the Baen Books omnibus version of the Deed of Paksenarrion trilogy alone. The Paksenarrion series as a whole has sold more than 1 million copies across all formats worldwide, and her total sales in the US alone is 1.5 million.

126) Deborah Harkness (1.5 million+)
Deborah Harkness has sold 1.5 million copies of A Discovery of Witches and Shadow of Night combined.

127) Susanna Clarke (1.5 million+)
Susanna Clarke sold more than a million copies of her novel Jonathan Strange and Mr. Norrell in its first year on sale alone, with an additional half million sales following in the UK alone. Total sales figures by now, almost a decade on, must be considerably higher.

128) Markus Heitz (1.5 million+)
Markus Heitz has sold more than a million and a half copies of his popular Dwarves series, which has been a bestseller in Germany and done well in English translation. 

129) Seth Grahame-Smith (1.4 million)
Seth Graheme-Smith has sold one and a half million copies of his horror novels with a tinge of comedy, Pride and Prejudice and Zombies and Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter.

130) Dan Simmons (1.25 million+)
Dan Simmons has sold more than a million copies of his novel Hyperion by itself. Combined with its three sequels and his many other bestselling novels, his total sales figures will likely be several times this amount. The Terror has also sold more than a quarter-million copies worldwide.

131) Stan Nicholls (1.25 million+)
Stan Nicholls had sold 1.25 million copies of his Orcs series worldwide by 2010.

132) Naomi Novik (1.2 million+)
Naomi Novik has sold 1 million paper copies of her Temeraire series and almost 200,000 ebooks.

133) Jack Campbell (1.2 million+)
Jack Campbell has sold 1.2 million copies of his Lost Fleet series of SF novels. 

134) Iain M. Banks (1.1 million)+
The late Iain M. Banks sold 1.1 million copies of his science fiction work in the UK before his tragic passing. Banks's SF accounted only for a small fraction of his sales; when combined with his mainstream fiction and non-UK SF sales, he likely sold at least four or five times this amount. His controversial non-SF debut The Wasp Factory has sold over a million copies in the UK by itself, or almost as much as all his SF combined.

135) Kelley Armstrong (1 million+)
A prolific urban/dark fantasy author, Armstrong sold more than 1 million copies of her books in 2011 alone. Her total figure is much higher.

136) Samuel R. Delany (1 million+)
SF legend Samuel R. Delany has sold more than a million copies of Dhalgren by itself. His total sales will be notably higher than this.

137) Ed Greenwood (1 million+)
Ed Greenwood is the creator of the Forgotten Realms fantasy world, the biggest-selling and most popular shared fantasy world ever created. He has sold 1 million copies of his debut novel, Spellfire, alone. Sales of his many later novels would amount to a great deal more than this. 

138) Paul S. Kemp (1 million+)
Paul Kemp has sold more than a million copies worldwide of his Forgotten Realms novels featuring Erevis Cale, servant of the god Mask, and also his own original fantasy series.

139) L.E. Modesitt, Jr. (1 million+)
L.E. Modesitt, Jr. has sold more than a million copies of his Recluce series in paperback alone. This does not include his numerous other books, or the hardcover sales of Recluce.

140) Connie Willis (1 million)
Best known for her time travel novels such as Doomsday Book and To Say Nothing of the Dog, Willis has sold just under 1 million copies of her books.

141) Sara Douglass (1 million+)
The late Sara Douglass has sold more than a million copies of her Axis and Wayfarer Redemption series (not to mention several sequel series) in Australia alone. Her worldwide total will be far higher.

142) Robin Hobb (1 million+)
Another outdated figure, stemming from 2003 and applying solely to the first nine books written as Robin Hobb. Counting the seven novels published since and her successful work as Megan Lindholm, the true figure is likely to be much higher than this.

143) David Gemmell (1 million+)
Given his prolific career, the late David Gemmell's sales figures may appear to be disappointing. This may be down to Gemmell's lack of profile in the United States.

144) Steven Erikson (1 million+)
Erikson's publishers announced that his books had sold 1 million copies worldwide with the publication of The Crippled God. With another book published since then and sales of the older books growing, it's likely rather more than this.

145) Alastair Reynolds (1 million+)
Alastair Reynolds has sold more than 1 million SF novels worldwide, hence his impressive £1 million, ten-book deal from a couple of years ago.

146) Ian Irvine (1 million+)
Ian Irvine has sold more than a million copies of his novels set on Santhenar. 

147) Richard A. Knaak (1 million+)
Richard A. Knaak is a noted tie-in author, writing books set in the Conan, WarCraft and Dragonlance universes.

148) Katherine Kerr (1 million+)
Katherine Kerr is the author of numerous SF and fantasy novels and is most famous for her Deverry series. 

149) Dave Duncan (1 million+)
Dave Duncan had sold a million books by 1999.

150) A.C. Crispin (1 million+)
The late A.C. Crispin was noted for her tie-in works. One of these, the novelisation of the 1984 mini-series V, has sold more than a million copies by itself. 

151) Hugh Howey (1 million+)
Howey has sold more than a million copies of his Wool series of post-apocalyptic books.

152) Joe Haldeman (1 million+)
Joe Haldeman has sold more than a million copies of The Forever War by itself. 

153) Glen Cook (1 million+)
Glen Cook has sold more than a million copies of his novels, the best-known of which is the Black Company series. 

154) David Brin (1 million+)
David Brin has sold more than a million copies of his Uplift Saga alone. With his many other bestsellers, his total figure will be much higher. 

155) Henry N. Beard (1 million+)
Henry N. Beard's 1969 satirical novel, Bored of the Rings, written with Douglas C. Kenney, is itself a long-running, steady seller.

156) Douglas C. Kenney (1 million+)
Douglas C. Kenney is the co-author of Bored of the Rings with Henry N. Beard.

157) Alexey Pehov (1 million+)
Alexey Pehov has sold more than a million copies of his Chronicles of Siala (which starts with Shadow Prowler) series. 

158) Peter V. Brett (925,000)
Peter Brett is closing down on a million sales of the first three books in his Demon Cycle. 

159) Chris Wooding (750,000+)
Chris Wooding has been making a name for himself as an adult fantasy author with his Braided Path and Tales of the Ketty Jay series, but his initial success has come from his highly popular YA books, which have sold very well in the United States. This figure is from the UK and USA alone, so total sales may be higher.

160) Erin Morgenstern (650,000+)
Erin Morgenstern has sold 650,000 copies of her novel, The Night Circus. 

161) Janny Wurts (500,000+)
Janny Wurts has sold more than half a million copies of her Wars of Light and Shadow series worldwide. Her other solo novels and in particular her popular collaborations with Raymond E. Feist have likely raised the total figure to a considerably higher level. 

162) Kevin Hearne (500,000+)
Hearne is the author of the Iron Druids Chronicles fantasy series. 

163) Alison Croggon (500,000+)
Alison Croggon has sold more than half a million copies of her Books of Pellinor fantasy series.

164) Michael Gerber (500,000+)
Michael Gerber has sold half a million copies of his Barry Trotter parody novels.

165) Gail Carriger (400,000)
Carriger is the author of The Parasol Protectorate series.

166) Lynn Flewelling (350,000)
Lynn Flewelling has sold 350,000 copies of her six-volume Nightrunner series.


167) Kate Elliott (300,000+)
An old and certainly incorrect figure, Kate Elliott is listed as having sold 300,000 copies of her Crown of Stars series. With her many other series, she has certainly sold far more than this.

168) Ben Aaronovitch (300,000+)
Ben Aaronovitch has sold almost a third of a million copies of his Rivers of London series. 

169) Ernest Cline (300,000+)
Ernest Cline has sold over 300,000 copies of his novel Ready Player One by itself.

170) J.V. Jones (250,000+)
One of the oldest figures on the list, Jones had sold 250,000 copies of The Book of Words trilogy and The Barbed Coil by 1999. Her sales since then must have pushed this total considerably higher.

171) Mark Lawrence (250,000+)
Mark Lawrence has been a big success story, shifting a quarter-million copies of his Thorns trilogy in just two years.

172) Michael J. Sullivan (250,000+)
Michael J. Sullivan took the step of self-publishing his Riyria Revelations fantasy series before it was snapped up by a traditional publisher. This fanbase has propelled him to healthy sales for another (relative) newcomer. 

173) Karen Miller (250,000+)
Karen Miller (also writing as K.E. Miller) is the author of the Kingmaker, Kingbreaker series of fantasy novels.

174) Sharon Lee (250,000+)
Sharon Lee is the co-author of the Liaden Universe series.

175) Steve Miller (250,000+)
Steve Miller is the co-author of the Liaden Universe series.

176) James Barclay (200,000+)
James Barclay has sold more than 200,000 copies of his Raven and Ascendants of Estorea series in the UK alone. 

177) Paolo Bacigalupi (200,000+)
The Windup Girl has sold more than 200,000 copies to date.

178) Jaye Wells (200,000+)
Jaye Wells is the author of the Sabina Kane series. 

179) Gail Z. Martin (180,000+)
Gail Z. Martin is the author of the Chronicles of the Necromancer and Fallen Kings series. 

180) David Dalglish (175,000+)
The Shadowdance series has sold 175,000 copies to date.

181) Daniel H. Wilson (160,000+)
Daniel H. Wilson has sold over 160,000 copies of his novel Robopocalypse by itself.

182) Adam Roberts (150,000+)
Adam Roberts has sold more than 150,000 copies of his Tolkien pastiche The Soddit by itself. Combined with his many other books, his total figure is likely much higher.

183) Glen Duncan (150,000+)
Glen Duncan has sold more than 150,000 copies of his novel The Last Werewolf by itself.


184) Scott Lynch (145,000+) 
Scott Lynch has sold 145,000 copies of his two novels in the United States alone. His UK sales figures, not to mention in other countries, will add a lot to that, and he'll likely get a good boost when The Republic of Thieves comes out in a couple of months' time.

185) R. Scott Bakker (125,000+)
According to Overlook Books' PR copy for The White Luck Warrior, Bakker's four previous fantasy novels have sold over 125,000 copies for them. For a small American publishing house, that's not actually too bad. This figure also does not include Bakker's Canadian sales from Penguin or British/Commonwealth sales from Orbit (and Orbit report that they are very happy with Bakker's performance for them), or American sales from fans opting for one of the other editions. On this basis, the 125,000 figure should be taken as being at the lower end of sales.

186) Glenda Larke (120,000+)
Glenda Larke has sold more than 120,000 copies of her Stormlords Trilogy alone, not counting her other books. 

187) James Lovegrove (100,000+)
James Lovegrove has sold more than 100,000 copies of his Pantheon series by itself.

188) Russell Kirkpatrick (70,000+)
Russell Kirkpatrick had sold 70,000 copies of the Orbit editions of his map-heavy Fires of Heaven trilogy by 2008. 


Figures Not Available

Patrick Rothfuss: his first two books were instant bestsellers and have sold huge numbers. His sales are likely around the million mark, if not more.

J.G. Ballard, Philip K. Dick etc: 'classic' authors of yesteryear have few reliable sales figures available for them. In some cases lots of reprints and complex foreign sales deals means that this information is simply not available or reliable when it is so.

China Mieville: sales figures for this author also seem to be unavailable, despite his profile and clear success. The same for Clive Barker, despite his lengthy career.


Books Not Counted

The sixteen-volume Left Behind series by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins was written as a religious thriller rather than a work of SF or Fantasy, though arguably it falls into the category of a fantasy. It has sold 65 million copies.

Michael Crichton has sold approximately 200 million copies of his novels. However, his books are a mixture of SF, sort-of-SF, political and/or crime thrillers and historical novels. Separating his sales out per-book is impossible. Similarly, Dean Koontz has dabbled in several different genres and identifying sales of his supernatural and fantastical work alone has not proven possible. However, I have added them to the list for those who want to include them.


Thanks
Many thanks to the numerous contributors to this list from websites and forums such as Westeros.org and SFFWorld. I am particularly indebted to Jussi from Westeros.org and Risingshadow whose research has been invaluable in expanding the list from its original state.

Doctor Who at 50: The Second Doctor (1966-69)



Patrick Troughton (1920-87) played the Second Doctor in 119 episodes and 21 serials, airing over three seasons. He had five companions. His era introduced recurring elements such as UNIT, the Brigadier and the Time Lords, and enemies including the Macra, Ice Warriors and Great Intelligence. He returned to the series three times after his departure, more than any other Doctor.


The Second Doctor: Patrick Troughton (1966-69)

Patrick Troughton joining the cast resulted in a significant change to the dynamics of the show. Previously the Doctor had taken a mentor/advising role with the action and running around left to his younger companions. Indeed, the show had developed the conceit of giving the Doctor a younger male companion (Ian, Steven and, in his last story, Ben) who could run around and get into fist-fights. Troughton, more than a decade younger than Hartnell, was considerably more mobile and played a more active role in his storylines. After a revolving door of companions who usually lasted at best a season, the show also found in Frazer Hines a committed actor willing to stay for the long term. Playing Highlander Jamie McCrimmon, Hines remained for the entire tenure of Troughton (appearing in only six less episodes than Troughton himself) and would later return with Troughton in two later serials. The Doctor-Jamie pairing was highly popular and successful, as was their pairing with initially Deborah Watling as Victoria and then Wendy Padbury as Zoe.

As well as introducing Jamie,  The Highlanders was important as it was the last 'pure' historical story for fifteen years. All subsequent historical stories would actually have a strong SF component to them, following the model successfully laid down by The Time Meddler. The Cybermen would return in The Moonbase and their popularity would grow, which was useful due to Terry Nation withdrawing permission to use the Daleks after Evil of the Daleks. Nation planned to pursue a dedicated spin-off TV show in the United States which never came to fruition. The BBC killed off the Daleks - apparently for good - at the end of Evil of the Daleks.

Troughton's second season gave his era its most defining feature: monsters. The production team took a great delight in creating various creatures for the Doctor to face and they achieved a surprisingly good hit rate. Of the adversaries created in Troughton's tenure, four would go on to return in later years (the Macra, Cybermats, Great Intelligence and Ice Warriors), making return appearances right up to the modern day. Troughton's era also saw the introduction (in Fury from the Deep, the final episode of the fifth season) of the sonic screwdriver, the Doctor's catch-all device which could be used to get him out of all manner of scrapes.

The Doctor's companion Victoria is menaced by an Ice Warrior in the serial of the same name.

During his third season Troughton decided to move on. Three years, he decided, was the optimum amount of time to spend on the show, long enough to bolster his profile but not too long to risk typecasting. This was the so-called 'Troughton Rule' which several later actors in the role (most notably Peter Davison and Matt Smith) took to heart. It is notable that the one who most blatantly did not - Tom Baker, who spent seven years in the role - had the greatest difficulties with typecasting after leaving the show.

Frazer Hines and Wendy Padbury likewise chose to move on along with Troughton, and this gave the BBC an unparalleled opportunity to perform a 'soft reboot' of the series. The BBC had decreed that all shows made from 1970 onwards would be made in full colour, with a corresponding loss of budget and episodes. Doctor Who's production team came up with a creative way around this and decided that the Doctor would be captured and punished by his own race (now named, for the first time, as the Time Lords) for meddling in the affairs of other worlds. He would be exiled to Earth with a recurring cast of characters who would help him defeat alien threats to the planet. This shift in format - inspired by the success of The Web of Fear in the fifth season (in which a British military unit and the Doctor defeated an invasion of robot yetis in the London Underground, controlled by the Great Intelligence) -  was given a trial run in the sixth season with The Invasion, which introduced the United Nations Intelligence Taskforce (UNIT) under the command of Brigadier Alastair Lethbridge-Stewart (Nicholas Courtney). With The Invasion proving enormously popular, the decision was made to proceed with the format change.

The Second Doctor bowed out at the end of the 10-part The War Games, the show's second-longest serial (third if you count Season 23 as one big story). This story introduced the Time Lords and the final episode was partially set on their homeworld (unnamed at this stage). The story marked the end of the first distinct 'era' of the show's history. The more colourful and action-packed 1970s were just around the corner.


Review ratings are only given for complete serials I have seen, which isn't very many. Those looking for an in-depth and unusual review of the entire series are directed to Adventures with the Wife in Space, in which a committed Doctor Who fan exposes his wife to the series and records her reactions. Serials marked ~ are incomplete, with one or more episodes missing from the BBC archives (a future article will expand on why). Serials marked ~~ are completely missing, with no surviving episodes remaining.


Season 4: 10/9/66-1/7/67 (43 episodes)
DD: The Tenth Planet (4 episodes) ~
EE: The Power of the Daleks (6 episodes) ~~
FF: The Highlanders (4 episodes) ~~
GG: The Underwater Menace (6 episodes) ~
HH: The Moonbase (4 episodes) ~
JJ: The Macra Terror (4 episodes) ~~
KK: The Faceless Ones (6 episodes) ~
LL: The Evil of the Daleks (7 episodes) ~

Season 5: 2/9/67-1/6/68 (40 episodes)
MM: The Tomb of the Cybermen (4 episodes) ***½
NN: The Abominable Snowmen (6 episodes) ~
OO: The Ice Warriors (6 episodes) ~
PP: The Enemy of the World (6 episodes) ~
QQ: The Web of Fear (6 episodes) ~
RR: Fury from the Deep (6 episodes) ~~
SS: The Wheel in Space (6 episodes) ~

Season 6: 10/8/68-21/6/69 (44 episodes)
TT: The Dominators (5 episodes) ***½
UU: The Mind Robber (5 episodes) **½
VV: The Invasion (8 episodes) ~
WW: The Krotons (4 episodes)
XX: The Seeds of Death (6 episodes) ***
YY: The Space Pirates (6 episodes) ~
ZZ: The War Games (10 episodes) ****½

The Second Doctor regenerates at the end of The War Games. He is forced to regenerat at the order of the Time Lords as part of his punishment prior to his exile to Earth.

The Second Doctor's Companions
Ben Jackson (Michael Craze): Season 4 ( -KK)
Polly (Anneke Wills): Season 4 ( -KK)
Jamie McCrimmon (Frazer Hines): Seasons 4-6 (FF-ZZ)
Victoria Waterfield (Deborah Watling): Seasons 4-5 (LL-RR)
Zoe Heriot (Wendy Padbury): Seasons 5-6 (SS-ZZ)

Wednesday, August 28, 2013

Doctor Who at 50: The First Doctor (1963-66)





William Hartnell (1908-1975) played the First Doctor in 134 episodes and 29 serials, airing over three seasons and part of the fourth. His era introduced the core concepts of the show and recurring enemies such as the Daleks and Cybermen. He had 10 companions, more than any other Doctor.


The First Doctor: William Hartnell (1963-66)
 
The original plan for Doctor Who had been that the series would alternate between historical serials set in established times and places (and thus able to use existing costumes and sets from the BBC's considerable stocks) and science fiction stories incorporating space travel, monsters, aliens and futuristic settings. The idea was that kids would tune in for the SF shows and then be educated by the historical dramas. So, following the first episode the next three were set on prehistoric Earth and saw the TARDIS crew inadvertently give the secret of fire to a bunch of cavemen. Its ratings were worryingly low.

For the second serial, Verity Lambert commissioned writer Terry Nation to come up with a science fiction idea. Nation wrote a topical story riffing on both the ongoing Cold War and fear of a nuclear conflict (the Cuban Missile Crisis had taken place just a year earlier) and also on the idea of Nazi racial superiority. Nation's resulting seven-episode script was ambitious, charting the aftermath of a nuclear war on an alien planet that left the survivors divided into an advanced city of mutants forced to travel around in robotic shells, and pacifistic tribesfolk who had vowed never to fight again. Donald Wilson was unimpressed and suggested they ditch the script, but Lambert fought for it on the basis they had nothing ready to replace it with. Designer Ridley Scott (yes, that one) was brought on board to design the robotic shells of the aliens but he had to drop out in favour of Raymond Cusick due to a scheduling clash. Cusick's design for these 'Daleks' proved wildly successful.

The resulting serial was expensive but also hugely popular: audience figures more than doubled from the opening serial's worryingly low (and possibly cancellation-threatening) 4 million to almost 11 million, ensuring the show's future. Lambert realised they would have to bring the Daleks back and began planning a sequel, although there was no room for it in the initial production block.

The rest of the first season saw historical adventures with Marco Polo, the Aztecs and during the French Revolution alternating with stories set on alien planets. This format resumed for the second season, with some experimentation: in the first serial the Doctor is able to return Ian and Barabara to Earth (his attempts to get them home having formed a very rough story arc over the course of the first season) but something goes wrong and they end up miniaturised.

A Dalek from their very first appearance in 1963.

The second serial of the second season was the long-awaited Dalek sequel, The Dalek Invasion of Earth. The BBC stumped up extra money for the serial, hoping to capitalise on the Daleks' popularity, and the production team was able to film location scenes of Daleks on the streets of London. The extensive location shooting was unusual for the series, as the low budgets mostly kept it contained to the studio even for scenes set outdoors. The serial was again hugely popular and kick-started 'Dalekmania', a toy craze lasting until 1966 or thereabouts. During this time Dalek merchandise sold by the bucketload and two Dalek movies were produced. These two colour films adapted the first two Dalek stories and starred Peter Cushing as the human 'Dr. Who'. Despite their popularity, these films were considered non-canon to the TV series.

The Dalek Invasion of Earth also marked the first major cast change in the show's history. Unhappy with her limited character development, Carole Ann Ford chose to leave the show at the end of the serial. She was replaced by Maureen O'Brien, playing the similar role (though this time a young human woman from the future) of Vicki in the subsequent two-parter, The Rescue. A third Dalek story, The Chase, aired towards the end of the season and saw the departure of Ian and Barbara from the TARDIS as well and their replacement with space pilot Steven Taylor (played by future Blue Peterhost Peter Purves). William Hartnell was apparently upset by the departure of the rest of the original cast and likely began considering his own future on the show around this time.

The second season would go on to feature more historical dramas - one set during the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD and another during the Crusades (starring future Game of Thrones regular Julian Glover as Richard the Lionheart) - but it was becoming clear that the audience loved the SF stories more. An experiment was undertaken with the season's final story, The Time Meddler, which opened as a standard historical drama but then skewed into SF when the Doctor was confronted by the Meddling Monk, another time-traveller from the same race with his own TARDIS. This mashing-up of the historical with SF elements was successful, and would become the norm for stories set in the past after a few more years.

The third season was a time of even greater change. Terry Nation was keen to launch the Daleks as their own spin-off show (and under the licensing terms of the show, Nation retained a separate copyright on his creations and could use them in other projects) and the BBC decided to appease him by dedicated a massive twelve weeks (plus another one-off prologue episode) to a single storyline, The Daleks' Master Plan. This story was hugely important, establishing the Daleks as a major time-travelling threat and also featuring the deaths of two companions (albeit relatively short-lived ones), Katarina and Sara Kingdom. Nicholas Courtney also made his first appearance on the show, this time as Brett Vyon. A few years later he would return in the more famous role of Colonel (and later Brigadier) Alastair Lethbridge-Stewart. Verity Lambert also departed just before The Daleks' Master Plan and William Hartnell did not find the new incoming production team to be as personable.

The Gunfighters is widely-derided in Doctor Who fandom, though it has its fans.

More historical shows followed, including what is widely believed to be one of the show's absolute nadirs, The Gunfighters. An SF serial, The Ark, made the first, more original use of the TARDIS as a time machine (the Doctor's inability to pilot the TARDIS at this point, due to malfunctions, meant that it generally only showed up at the start and end of adventures and rarely inbetween). The Doctor and his companions arrive on a huge spacecraft and solve the crisis there in two episodes. They leave, but the TARDIS mysteriously seems to stay still. Emerging again, they find that centuries have passed and their actions have now passed into legend. Simple enough stuff, but at the time an interesting deviation from the standard format.

By the end of the third season, William Hartnell was clearly ailing in terms of health and was no longer happy working on the show, with almost everyone who had started the show off with him having departed. Producer Innes Lloyd and script editor Gerry Davis developed an intriguing idea: as an alien, the Doctor was not bound by the same rules of mortality as a human, and it might be the case that instead of dying the Doctor would rejuvenate himself into a new form and appearance. The producers consulted Hartnell as a courtesy, and he agreed that that show should continue without him and even suggested his own replacement: Patrick Troughton. In event several actors were considered, but the producers went with Hartnell's choice and cast Troughton in the role. The decision was made that Hartnell would depart at the end of the second serial of the fourth season, handing over to Troughton. This serial would also be important for introducing the Cybermen, an enemy species that would go on to rival the Daleks in popularity.


Review ratings are only given for complete serials I have seen, which isn't very many. Those looking for an in-depth and unusual review of the entire series are directed to Adventures with the Wife in Space, in which a committed Doctor Who fan exposes his wife to the series and records her reactions. Serials marked ~ are incomplete, with one or more episodes missing from the BBC archives (a future article will expand on why). Serials marked ~~ are completely missing, with no surviving episodes remaining.

Season 1: 23/11/63-12/9/64 (42 episodes)
A: An Unearthly Child (4 episodes) **** (first episode) *** (remainder)
B: The Daleks (7 episodes) ****
C: The Edge of Destruction (2 episodes)
D: Marco Polo (7 episodes) ~~
E: The Keys of Marinus (6 episodes)
F: The Aztecs (4 episodes)
G: The Sensorites (6 episodes)
H: The Reign of Terror (6 episodes) ~
Season 2: 31/10/64-24/7/65 (39 episodes)
J: Planet of Giants (3 episodes)
K: The Dalek Invasion of Earth (6 episodes) ****½
L: The Rescue (2 episodes)
M: The Romans (4 episodes)
N: The Web Planet (6 episodes)
P: The Crusade (4 episodes) ~
Q: The Space Museum (4 episodes)
R: The Chase (6 episodes) ***
S: The Time Meddler (4 episodes)

Season 3: 11/9/65-16/7/66 (45 episodes)
T: Galaxy Four (4 episodes)
T/A: Mission to the Unknown (1 episode) ~~
U: The Myth Makers (4 episodes) ~~
V: The Daleks' Master Plan (12 episodes) ~
W: The Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Eve (4 episodes) ~~
X: The Ark (4 episodes)
Y: The Celestial Toymaker (4 episodes) ~
Z: The Gunfighters (4 episodes)
AA: The Savages (4 episodes) ~~
BB: The War Machines (4 episodes)

Season 4: 10/9/66-1/7/67 (43 episodes)

CC: The Smugglers (4 episodes) ~~
DD: The Tenth Planet (4 episodes) ~

The First Doctor regenerates at the end of the fourth episode of The Tenth Planet, a result of extreme old age. This is the only 'natural' regeneration that the Doctor has undergone to date.

The First Doctor's Companions
Susan (Carole Ann Ford): Seasons 1-2 (A-K)
Ian Chesterton (William Russell): Seasons 1-2 (A-R)
Barbara Wright (Jacqueline Hill): Seasons 1-2 (A-R)
Vicki (Maureen O'Brien): Seasons 2-3 (L-U)
Steven Taylor (Peter Purves): Seasons 2-3 (R-AA)
Katarina (Adrienne Hill): Season 3 (T-U)
Sara Kingdom (Jean Marsh): Season 3 (V)
Dodo Chaplet (Jackie Lane): Season 3 (W-BB)
Ben Jackson (Michael Craze): Seasons 3-4 (BB- )
Polly (Anneke Wills): Seasons 3-4 (BB- )